Informatics Publishing Limited

B. Kiranmayi ¹, K. Raghava Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 K. L. University, Guntur - 522502, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: In this paper, an enhanced Low Energy Aware Cluster Head (LEACH) Protocol is proposed. Methods/Statistical Analysis: We study an extension to a Grid-Based Network to identify an efficient block length for the regions. Simulations show that a higher transmission range and cluster head percentages were not efficient and a low cluster head percentage with a high transmission range is preferred. Findings: In this exploration, we concentrate on amplifying the life of the system, which has turned into a basic issue in sensor systems. Bunching of hubs with mixing of information to the group head gets to be one of the imperative intends to augment the future of the system. In the proposed work, we take a gander at the correspondence conventions that can significantly affect the general force dissemination of these systems. The simulation clarifies the effectiveness of our proposed work over its comparatives in phrases of network lifetime, average packet transmissions, cluster head choice rounds supported by means of average power consumption. In this kind of association, the hubs are organized in bunches where Cluster Heads (CHS) pass messages between your part hubs and the base station. Systems group pecking order might prompt harming assaults, particularly when these assaults are gone for CHS. Application/Improvements: The Low Energy Aware Cluster Head (LEACH) Protocol works in the lower energies. In high energies without reducing the network lifetime the data is transmitted in the nodes. We can further improve the transmission of data in different nodes.

Keywords

High Energy Nodes & Life Expectancy, Network Lifetime.

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Y. Krupa Bahulya ¹, K. Raghava Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, K L University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur Dist. - 522502, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Background: The advancements in wireless communications made manufacturing of components on a micro scale, which resulted in the evolution of minimal priced, less powered and multiple operative sensor nodes. This made different sensing applications came into existence, which includes battlefield surveillance, environmental conditions and industrial monitoring etc. In wireless sensor network (WSN), sensor nodes often pass the raw data from the network to base station which is often called Sink. It behaves as a gateway in between the WSN and end-user application. Analysis: The energy consumption of the battery is more when the sensor nodes are near to sink when compared to other nodes which are far away. This phenomenon leads the batteries to run out of their energy, further creating communication holes in the network. These holes can impair the desired functionality of a WSN. Methodology: Hence energy utilization of the sensor nodes is the most demanding problem in sensor networks. The minimal energy dissipation methods will help in amplify the network lifespan of a WSN. In order to avoid consuming huge battery power of sensor nodes which are near to sink, an active sink relocation method is introduced. In this article, we came up with a moving sink method called as Energy Aware Multiple Sink Relocation (EAMSR). Findings/Improvements: The proposed mechanism adapts the data which is associated with remaining battery energy of sensor nodes. This will regulate the transmission area of sensor nodes and reroute patterns for the sink. The key performance indicators are compared between single sink relocation and multiple sink relocation. The outcome of compared results illustrates the significant increase in network lifetime of a WSN.

Keywords

Energy Utilization, Time Delay, Multiple Sink Relocation, Maximum Capacity Path, Wireless Sensor Networks.

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A. Mahesh Reddy ¹, K. Raghava Rao ²

Affiliations
1 Embedded Systems, Department of ECM, K. L. University, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of ECM, K. L. University, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This paper presents an automatic irrigation system to provide water to the farms based on soil and temperature conditions using an android application, WSN and GPRS modules. Methods/statistical Analysis: An algorithm is developed such that soil moisture sensor and temperature sensor values are continuously fed to Arduino UNO micro controller. The sensor information is compared with the threshold values and based on that, decision will be taken to water the crops. The system is equipped with the photovoltaic panels and dual communication is established based on cellular-internet interface for continuous inquiry of data by the user. We have also developed an android mobile application for intercepting the data generated. For that purpose, we can also employ a web site. Findings: Because of system's energy sovereignty, low cost and relatively more amounts of underground water saving, this system is preferable at water scarcity locations like desert areas. Conclusion: This irrigation system has been working with high efficiency and top speed. This system sends message to the user whenever sensors exceed there threshold value, by this system every user can understand the soil conditions and controls the system too manually, if needed.

Keywords

Automatic Irrigation, Arduino UNO, GSM Module, Soil Moisture Sensor, Temperature Sensor.

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Sumadeep Juvvalapalem ¹, K. Raghava Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Electronics and Computer Engineering, K L University, Guntur - 522502, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objective: The main scope of this paper is to increase the network life-time and minimizing the data collecting delay in WSNs. Statistical Analysis: The simulation is developed by the simulator which contains libraries to design the communication of multimedia packets between sensor nodes in WSN's. Findings: A PLBC algorithm is proposed for sensors to coordinate with the SenCar's as per schedule to gather information from nodes within their residual lifetimes. In order to existing methods of clustering, our strategy generates a priority based data gathering from multiple rendezvous points instead of Cluster Heads (CHs) in a network to gather data based on lifetime of a node. At cluster head layer, multiple cluster heads in a network drives data to a polling point to reduce the delay. At SenCar layer mobile collector is armed with multiple antennas, which enables rendezvous point to update dual data simultaneously to mobile collector utilizing a MU-MIMO technique at each time. Applications/Improvements: The results of the simulation are obtained and plotted for latency and energy consumption, which can be used to consider the performance.

Keywords

Cluster Heads, PLBC-DDU, Rendezvous Point, Sencar

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M. Samarasimha Reddy ¹, K. Raghava Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, KL University, Vijayawada - 520002, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objective: This paper gives an overview of exiting fire-detector types which can be comprehended to one hundred percent completion combined with the progress connected with economical, portable, reliable microcontroller dependent programmed open flame alert system as slightly careful almost a little flames happenings in residence as well as professional areas. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The purpose of our developed system is alerting the far off propertyproprietor accurately also rapidly through sending Short Message (SMS) by means of GSM network and transmitter values to the Central server using GPRS. Findings: Any linear integrated temperature sensor detects temperatures farther than the predetermined benchmark, although semiconductor sort sensor recognizes the existence of smoke or even gasoline coming from fireplace risks. On successful detection of fire, the device transmits the data to the central server with GPS co-ordinates which helps us out to locate the exact location using the maps application in android mobile, based on the link received through the SMS. Application/Improvements: The detectors are placed parallel to each other in required amounts. Indication read through every single detector from any kind of levels can be monitored and controlled using monitoring method.

Keywords

Arduino, Flame Sensor, GSM/GPRS, Smoke Sensor, Temperature Sensor

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Vankayalapati Sahiti ¹, K. Raghava Rao ¹, K. R. R. Mohan Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECM, K L University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur – 522502, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

With the advent of technology MEMS came surpassing and led to the design of very small sensor nodes. This led to the creation of wireless sensor nodes. Background: Wireless Sensor Networks are entrancing to researchers due to their wide range of ever-growing application potential in every area and have been adapted in order to implement many applications such as habitat monitoring, military surveillance, precision agriculture. One of the major design challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks is power consumption. Analysis: It is crucial in various functions to position sensor nodes in an efficient way in order to monitor the event squarely and deliver the data to sink node. Uneven power consumption by nodes leads to the creation of energy holes, which means that data can never be delivered to the sink on that path. Findings: The sensor nodes located near to the sink node as the precedence, as there are the first ones to get effected due to this power consumption patterns and in 99 percent of the cases the first and the second rings are the places where an energy hole is first created. The main aim of this paper is to develop an algorithm using hashing technique which reduces the power consumption and energy harvesting is done optimally by avoiding duplication of packets in static network. Improvements: The power consumption improvement ratio and the life elongation of the network were simulated using Network simulator tool using the hashing technique and avoiding duplication of packets.

Keywords

Avoiding Duplication, Energy Harvesting, Energy Holes Problem, Hashing Technique, Wireless Sensor Nodes

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G. R. K. Prasad ¹, Kara Alekhya ¹, K. Srinivasa Rao ¹, K. Raghava Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, KL University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur – 522502, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To design Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) based sensor with novel design considerations to detect/ identify PhotoPlethysmography(PPG) signals when the person is in dynamic mode. To simulate the above design using COMSOL Multiphysics and evaluate the results with the existing methodologies. Methods/Statistical Analysis: A MEMS based sensor with a four T-shaped cantilever with middle load hanged structure is designed in COMSOL Multiphysics and after attaining the required resonant frequency of PPG, by using capacitive actuation technique the acquired mechanical signals are evaluated and digitised. Findings: PPG sensors optically recognize changes in tidal volume of blood (i.e., changes in the force of light perceived) in the vascular bed of little scale tissue by reflection from or transmission through the tissue. If the person is in static mode it is very easy to detect blood flow rate. If suppose the person is not in rest, i.e., may be dynamic we will observe many variations in blood flow rate. So it is very difficult to estimate the blood flow rate. This Patch type device easily measures the blood flow rate. Application/Improvements: Mainly these type of devices are useful to detect variations in blood flow rate in human whether in static condition or in dynamic condition. In future we are planning to develop implantable sensors with reporting system to doctor in particular intervals of time. This may be helpful to doctors to cater the needs of human society at right time whenever it is needed

Keywords

Capacitive Actuation, Dynamic, Implantable, MEMS, PPG, Static.

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T. Ravi Kumar ¹, K. Raghava Rao ²

Affiliations
1 SBIT, Khammam, IN
2 KL University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, IN

Abstract

Harvesting the benefits of a sensor-rich world presents many data analysis and management challenges. Recent advances in research and industry aim to address these challenges. Modern sensors and information technologies make it possible to continuously collect sensor data, which is typically obtained as real-time and real valued numerical data. Examples include vehicles driving around in cities or a power plant generating electricity, which can be equipped with numerous sensors that produce data from moment to moment. Though the data gathering systems are becoming relatively mature, a lot of innovative research needs to be done on knowledge discovery from these huge repositories of data. The data management techniques and analysis methods are required to process the increasing volumes of historical and live streaming data sources simultaneously. Analysts need improved techniques are needed to reduce an analyst’s decision response time and to enable more intelligent and immediate situation awareness. Faster analysis of disparate information sources may be achieved by providing a system that allows analysts to pose integrated queries on diverse data sources without losing data provenance. This paper proposed to develop abstractions that make it easy for users and application developers to continuously apply statistical modeling tools to streaming sensor data. Such statistical models can be used for data cleaning, prediction, interpolation, anomaly detection and for inferring hidden variables from the data, thus addressing many of the challenges in analysis and managing sensor data. Current archive data and streaming data querying techniques are insufficient by themselves to harmonize sensor inputs from large volumes of data. These two distinct architectures (push versus pull) have yet to be combined to meet the demands of a data-centric world. The input of sensor streaming data from multiple sensor types further complicates the problem.

Keywords

Sensor, Streaming, Historical, Data Management, Analysis and Data Mining.

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